Since 2009 $2.3 billion in Advanced Energy Manufacturing Tax Credits funded through the ARRA have provided support for 183 individual projects and led to $5.4 billion in private investment in the wind industry.
One, Krystof Bankiewicz at ucsf, credits funding from Grove with drastically speeding up his research.
Other financial institutions include investment credit funds, private pension funds, insurance companies, and securities firms.
Credit funds were up by a mere 0.2% in June, according to Credit Suisse.
Private equity credit funds earned six times their 2009 levels, with $158 million in fees.
The Blackstone Group has requested redemptions from Harbinger's credit fund, Mr. Falcone said.
Mr. Paulson's credit fund was down 18 percent, the Paulson Partners fund 10 percent and the gold fund 10.5 percent.
He is also advising a credit fund at TPG Capital run by Alan Waxman, a former colleague at Goldman.
Fewer loans are held by banks, perhaps only 20%, with much of the rest held by specialised credit funds.
Under New York law, employees must give their explicit consent before companies can credit funds to a payroll card.
