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The above example demonstrates how the creation and extension of ontologies is supported.
Overall, text-mining has to address three problems to support ontology creation and extension: (i) generation of relevant ontology terms, (ii) their definitions and (iii) relationships between them.
It is fully integrated into the established ontology editor OBO-Edit and supports the creation and extension of OBO ontologies by semi-automatically generating terms, definitions and parent child relationships from text and web search results.
Besides evaluating ontology creation against benchmarks, one can assess how well semi-automated ontology creation and extension adheres to design guidelines as put forward among others by Schober et al. (2009).
Results: We have developed the Dresden Ontology Generator for Directed Acyclic Graphs (DOG4DAG), a system which supports the creation and extension of OBO ontologies by semi-automatically generating terms, definitions and parent child relations from text in PubMed, the web and PDF repositories.
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Cluster analysis was performed using the duplications, substitutions, indels (DSI) algorithm in BioNumerics with the following parameters: 250 % gap creation cost; 50 % gap extension, duplicate creation and duplicate extension costs; maximum three repeat duplication; and 1.00 % bin grouping distance.
"After all, without business investment, job creation and by extension income growth and consumer spending will remain restrained".
Thus, building greater cooperation will not only help manage the 'waste' sustainability but also provide an avenue for job creation and by extension, poverty reduction.
For sequence diversity analysis, multiple sequence alignments were performed with CLUSTALW [ 38] using default gap creation and gap extension penalty.
This system allows direct access to the most relevant documents from the literature, thus supporting various tasks in the creation, verification, maintenance and extension of pathway models.
Expansion (creation of a new component) and extension (insertion of new code) were not explored in the study related in the paper.
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creation and expansion
elaboration and extension
emergence and extension
establishment and extension
creation and continuation
formation and extension
creation and scaling up
creation and advertising
creation and performance
creation and transmission
creation and visualization
creation and hope
creation and part
creation and evolution
creation and monetization
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