Historically, the kind of genetic research supported by many parents of children with autism, Mr. Ne'eman has said, has been used to create prenatal tests that give parents the ability to detect a fetus affected by a particular condition, like Down syndrome, so that they can choose whether to terminate the pregnancy.
We averaged log10-transformed maternal and child creatinine-normalized BPA concentrations to create prenatal and early-childhood BPA exposure measures, respectively.
We created a prenatal patient-based dataset by selecting all tests where the reason for testing was specified as prenatal, the patient was female and was between 15 and 49 years of age.
Women who are carrying multiple babies must take extra precautions when creating a prenatal exercise routine.
A binary variable was created for lack of prenatal care (derived from a continuous variable that indicated the month of pregnancy at which prenatal care was initiated).
We created several measures of cumulative prenatal tobacco smoke exposure using either self-reported tobacco smoke exposure or prenatal serum cotinine concentrations.
A factor analysis indicated that the multiple interventions represented a single concept, hence, a new scale of quality of prenatal care was created (the scale had a score from 0 to 1, 0 being lowest quality and 1 being highest quality of prenatal care, alpha Cronbach 0.898. Women with no prenatal care had a score of 0).
Pregnancy is an opportune time for culture to invite women to focus on the developing baby in utero, to slow down and create space for prenatal bonding, reflection and moments of wonderment.
Suggestions included creating male-targeted prenatal programs, enhancing current interventions targeting females, and increasing healthcare providers' awareness of the importance of men's involvement during pregnancy.
Other studies have similarly shown how different understandings of the processes via which personhood is produced, as well as the meaning of medical knowledge, create locally diverging prenatal "ultrasounds" (Gammeltoft 2007; Harris et al. 2004; Ivry 2006; Morgan 2000; Saetnan 2000).
