Nonetheless, to be safe, in a post hoc analysis, we created a variable to capture "low-risk" diagnoses, chosen from among the diagnoses seen in > 30 cases.
Lastly, we created a variable for concentrated disadvantage which includes: percent female headed households with children, percent Black, percent in poverty, and percent renter.
Ethnicity: Although the number of minority ethnicities is small in this sample, this study still created a variable to control for ethnic influence on higher education in which 1 = Han ethnicity and 0 = minority ethnicity (non-Han ethnicity).
Once the unidimensionality of the virtual empathy scale had been checked, we created a variable from the sum of all the items, with the overall variable of virtual empathy ending up on a scale of 33 to 132 points.
We created a variable for each individual indicating the total number of lifetime incarcerations (in juvenile detention facilities, jails and state or federal prisons) and total time incarcerated in years.
For the nominated friends we created a variable pertaining to the percentage of friends who participated in marijuana use in the last 30 days.
From this data we also created a variable "chronic MDD", defined as having had a lifetime diagnosis of MDD and 24 months of (probably uninterrupted) symptoms of depression in the past five years as recorded with the life-chart method.
I subsequently created a variable to separate the variation of interest from the general increase in feeding rate with chick age that is well known in many passerine species [e.g. 19].
To track HIV progression within the Markov model, we created a variable for CD4+ counts that modified health related quality of life (HRQoL) values, costs, and AIDS-related mortality (Table 1).
Because β-lactamase may be "tethered" to the outside of a cell, we created a variable called "help" that measures the proportional benefit that cells near a producer receive, as a result of the β-lactamase tethered to that producer (that is; 0
From the data of the CIDI interview, in which all depressive symptoms were listed separately, we created a variable for depressive symptoms, defined as having had one or more DSM-IV symptoms of depression during at least two weeks lifetime with at least either anhedonia or depressed mood, without fulfilling the criteria for diagnosis of MDD or dysthymia.
