Where Cre- lox is well-known for generating highly precise recombination products [ 16], nuclease-induced DSB repair could create insertion-deletions (indels) at the site [ 8].
NHEJ is an error-prone process that can create insertions, deletions, or mutations at the cut site.
We conclude that ssODNs with short (>60 nt) homology arms can be used to create insertions (largest tested: 66 nt) at or near Cas9 sites without also causing random insertions in the genome or mutations in predicted off-target sites.
TEs can, of course, sometimes be beneficial to their hosts, by creating insertion mutations that assist in the host's process of adaptive evolution [ 2].
IS elements are repetitive sequences that can broker genome reorganization and mediate evolution by creating insertion mutations, recombinations, and gene conversions.
It also causes gene disruption by creating insertion or deletion in exon or intron region, which could be the major force towards the differential expression and regulation of gene.
The synthesis method is a recursive algorithm that subsequently creates insertions of sub-structures containing numbers of monomer units and branch points according to one- or two-dimensional probability density functions.
Fortunately, somatic hypermutation only infrequently creates insertions or deletions, which are the major cause of uncertainty in multiple sequence alignment.
Generating deletions (such as in this study) and concomitantly creating insertions by HR may be another genome engineering approach of value for basic research and crop improvement.
The resulting PCR fragments were used as a template to create an insertion fragment by PCR overlap.
Third, given the limitation in DNA-synthesis chemistry, the reduced size of the primers offers the opportunity to create larger insertion mutations and offers the same possibilities with deletions.
