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Researchers have suggested that repeated alcohol use gradually enhances incentive salience and craving response toward alcoholic beverages by altering the reward pathways and triggering more alcohol craving and drug seeking (Breese et al. 2011; Robinson and Berridge 1993).
Generally speaking, the CPT does not increase craving in alcoholics, although individual differences in craving response following the CPT have been shown to predict alcohol use 1 month later (Brady et al. 2006).
The craving response was measured by the modified version of Penn Alcohol Craving Score for Inhalants (PACS-inhalants).
Generalized estimating equations showed a significant suppressant effect of essential oil, but not perfume, on the craving response as compared with baseline cue-induced craving.
In addition, experimental research suggests that trauma-related cues can trigger a craving response [ 15].
Showing a strong craving response to cue-exposure has been shown to predict relapse risk [ 51].
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Thus in our study we can not rule out the possibility that a larger sample size may have enabled us to document gender differences in craving responses.
This study provides evidence of greater brain reactivity to cocaine cues in female than in male cocaine abusers but no differences in craving responses.
In AUD patients, this altered striatal system may further intensify craving responses and trigger withdrawal symptoms during alcohol-free periods, increasing risk for relapse (Vanderschuren and Pierce 2010).
Results revealed a main effect for cue type on think-aloud craving responses: Smokers spontaneously generated a greater number of craving-related cognitions during active cue exposure compared with neutral cue exposure, both during both 1- and 12-h deprivation.
The mechanism of acamprosate action is hypothesized to be by modulation of craving responses.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com