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The 2004 engine was equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, while the 2007 engine had an EGR system, a crankcase emissions coalescer, and a diesel particulate filter.
Crankcase emissions were not entrained into the exposure system.
Emission controls for road traffic have now substantially reduced tailpipe emissions, and therefore non-tailpipe emissions including engine crankcase emissions (combusted lubricating oil), road, tire and brake wear are becoming increasingly important.
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The hopanes and steranes are compounds that are found in crude oil and are thus emitted as part of the crankcase oil emissions.
In fact, extensive efforts have been made to control crankcase, evaporative, and exhaust emissions from new on-road vehicles through the implementation of emission standards for new vehicles.
As such, a ratio value (flu/pyr) greater than 1 is classically related to pyrogenic sources, e.g. coal burning, wood burning, vehicular exhaust emission, waste crankcase oil and asphalt roofing material [ 28].
We extend the previous conclusion (Seagrave et al. 2002) that high-emitting vehicles contribute disproportionately to the health hazards of engine emissions, to conclude now that crankcase oil derived, particle-associated organic compounds may contribute strongly to the inflammatory effects of inhaled emissions from high-emitting vehicles.
The causality of specific chemical classes or components of exhaust can be examined in complementary studies, including exposure to inhaled emissions containing different contributions from crankcase oil, "doping" samples with the putative causal agents, and/or progressive fractionation and testing of samples (i.e., bioassay directed fractionation).
Lube, dripping from the crankcase, smelled like bong water.
"Cut Emissions?
Emissions auditors?
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