This general Criteria is "very general" and can be implied for pediatric population since it connects objective finding of above structure (cranium neck etc) with clinical, laboratory or imaging evidence to the pain that is attributed to the lesion [80].
In addition, cranial sutures render the cranium a composite structure, and may mediate the location and magnitude of strain during muscle contraction and mastication [35].
The cranium is a valuable structure for studying the genetic and ontogenetic relationships among Homo sapiens based on geographic provenance, population affinities, and dietary proclivities [ 1– 7].
It may arise from both intracranial and extracranial structures such as cranium, neck, vessels, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, and the other facial or cervical structure.
When pressure inside the cranium is increased, pain-sensitive structures in and around the brain are distorted and cause pain in an ill-localized area but often identifiably in the front or back of the head called a traction headache.
Unfortunately, variations in the position and size of neuroanatomical structures within the cranium have always limited the efficiency of this technology.
The pathophysiology of TTH remains controversial [4 6], pain etiology was presumed to be the muscular contraction of pain-sensitive structures of the cranium, but no research supports muscular contraction as the sole pain etiology [1].
To avoid such problems, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been successfully introduced and used in dentistry as it represents the true 3D morphology of the skeletal structures of the cranium [10 16].
High and consistent imaging signals were observed in the bone structures (vertebral column, cranium, etc). in both imaging modalities (Fig. 4A, B).
These treatments consist of gentle manipulations of the cranium, pelvis, diaphragm, and other structures.
