Based on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deficiency theory, treatment should be designed to protect the cranial ChEs system from alteration and/or to help that system fight against degeneration through restoring its homeostatic action for brain structure and function instead.
3D-CT model was diagnosed in the cranial coordinate system.
Neural network theory, which is based on modern neuroscience and used for simplifying and simulating the cranial nerve system, obtain an abstract mathematical model.
An intravital microscopy and closed cranial window system, that permitted examination of temporal patterns of rhodamine-6G-labeled leukocyte adhesion/extravasation, was used.
These symptoms are the result of activation of the cranial parasympathetic system, and are believed to be due to activation of the trigeminal afferent arm of the trigeminal-parasympathetic reflex [4].
(a) Co x, y, z (mm), Co displacement on x (up-down displacements), y (right-left displacements), and z (anterior-posterior displacements) axis referred to the cranial reference system.
From a pathophysiological perspective, the positive results of this study confirm that the cranial parasympathetic system plays a crucial role in the occurrence as well as recurrence of CH attacks.
Recently, it was suggested that cholinergic and monoaminergic systems may be involved in generating tonic atonia in cranial motor systems [18], [29], [30].
The precise pathophysiological mechanism underlying trigemino-autonomic reflex activation in migraine is still unclear and could also involve other functional or anatomical peculiarities, or both, in the trigeminal and cranial parasympathetic systems [16].
First, atonia occurs in both postural and cranial motor systems during REM sleep.
It is crucial to have an overview of the patient's clinical conditions, including the results of general and neurological examinations (mental status, cranial nerves, motor system, reflexes, sensory and cerebellar system evaluation), but the quality of this overview will depend on the quality of the clinician information provided.
