Sentence examples for cracking stage from inspiring English sources

It was an important hydrocarbon supply stage in the burial process of asphaltic sandstone (heavy oil); (3) Cracking stage 2 (R o>1.8 %), during which large amounts of large molecule hydrocarbons were decomposed and hydrocarbon gas was given off.

Further, in the strain-hardening and multiple cracking stage, cracks with much smaller width compared to the traditional ECC are formed in the low shrinkage ECC.

To this end, the element dimension in the longitudinal direction has been set to one third of the distance between two consecutive cracks in the stabilized cracking stage (fib International Federation for Structural Concrete, Model code 2010).

The model, which is based on the assumptions of linear elastic σ-ε laws for both types of bars, as well as for the concrete, and on the bond law proposed in fib Model Code 2010, is used to study both the crack formation stage and the stabilized cracking stage considering the effect of internal secondary cracks.

A modified version of the fib Model Code 2010 calculation method, here called Simplified Method, which is based on an improved assessment of the average bond stress that takes into account the effect of internal secondary cracks, is also proposed for the stabilized cracking stage.

In addition, the work attends to explain a number of fundamental problems starting from crack tip propagation discrepancies, found in the short cracking stage, as well as to provide an insight towards the effect of grain size on the fatigue limit/threshold stress intensity factor.

At post cracking stages, the ECC joint showed significant improvement in the ultimate shear and moment capacities, as well as in the deformation behavior and damage tolerance, compared with the NC specimen at ultimate and failure stages.

Although the reinforced concrete behaviour of post cracking stages is complicated and extended by multi steps (elastic, yielding, elastic-perfectly-plastic (EPP), plastic and collapse), merely whatever is obvious in all steps after cracking is the high amount of ductility proportional to the other stage.

Open image in new window Fig. 1 Thick-walled cylinder a uncracked stage, b partly cracked stage, c entirely cracked stage, d tensile constitutive model for concrete.

The entirely cracked stage starts when the crack front reaches the external radius of the cylinder r cr = c 1 (Fig. 1c).

For this reason, in the proposed approach, the partly cracked stage starts when (sigma_{{t,r_{s} }}) in Eq. (8) is equal to the concrete uniaxial tensile strength f ct.