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The crack section is represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting two undamaged beam segments.
The crack section is represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting two undamaged pipe segments.
IThis shown that this matrix has the potential as a definesdethetion tool forelationship structures.
These phenomena can be explained by the residual compressive stress formed at the surface layer of the specimen by the fatigue test and the surface roughness of crack section.
And the effects of crack tip opening stress σtop, crack opening displacement COD, biaxial stress ratio C (=second principal stress/first principal stress) and the surface roughness of crack section are examined.
We validate the method through an accuracy test, in which it is compared with a reliable BIEM in the calculation of the displacement discontinuity along a single crack (Section 3).
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As regarding skeletonized crack sections rather than crack pixels, the spatial distribution features hold considerable feature significance for each type of cracks.
Some ruptures are apparent on the ground; however, they are not continuous cracks but many separated crack sections visible in the aerial photographs (Nakano et al. 2016).
Therefore, alternative equation for predicting first cracking moment and moment of inertia of cracked section in strain-hardening zone for UHPFRC was suggested, and it was verified through comparison with the measured service deflections.
The results obtained from the non-steady state conditions are not the diffusion over the entire cracked area since the chloride penetration depth is confined in the cracked section only (Park et al. 2012a, b).
where ϵcr and ϵsr are the cracking strain and the strain in the reinforcement in state II with totally cracked section without any concrete contribution corresponding to the stress σsr , respectively.
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