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Those changes of the microstructure appear in a period before crack initiation, which covers a considerable part of the fatigue life.
A fish-eye was always observed in subsurface crack initiation, which had the same morphological features independent of surface roughness.
From this fundamental knowledge both micromechanical and crystal plasticity models can be used to predict crack initiation, which are also reviewed.
When properly formulated, these parameters predicted number of cycles to crack initiation and location of crack initiation which were in agreement with the experimental counterparts.
Soft surface grains and hard interior particles are favored sites for fatigue crack initiation, which subsequent growth can lead to component failure.
Dynamic strain aging reduced the fatigue resistance by ways of multiple crack initiation, which comes from the DSA-induced inhomogeneity of deformation, and rapid crack propagation due to the DSA-induced hardening.
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Under cyclic loading, pores can act as stress raisers and lead to premature crack initiations, which reduce the fatigue strength of the material.
The results indicate that failure patterns greatly depend on the location of cracks initiation, which is found to be sensitive to the local disorder nature within the specimen.
Second, the shift of the crack initiation location which leads to longer crack growth length for the new design.
Crystallographic texture strongly affected fatigue crack initiation life, which was greatly delayed in TD loading compared with RD loading.
Fatigue failure in the high-cycle and ultrahigh-cycle regimes is often dominated by the crack initiation processes, which are strongly influenced by the salient features and defects in the microstructure.
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