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The predicted results correlate well with industrial experience in terms of crack (initiation) orientation, location and life.
The effect of shot-peening on crack initiation orientation is elucidated through an analytical approach using fracture mechanic concepts.
The theories for crack initiation orientation under biaxial loading based on the singular elastic field may become inaccurate as the crack tip plasticity increases.
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At this stage, it is important to correctly predict the crack initiation location and orientation, which is often achieved by using critical plane approaches.
Cohesive zone model as well as two of its common initiation criteria, namely quadratic traction-separation criterion and maximum nominal stress criterion, are used to study crack initiation location and orientation under fretting conditions.
Also, it predicted the location of fretting fatigue crack initiation and its orientation which were in agreement with their experimental counterparts.
Four biaxial loading paths were applied in the tests to observe the effects of multiaxial loading paths on the additional hardening, fatigue crack initiation and crack propagation orientation.
A combination of dynamic crack initiation toughness and crack orientation along the maximum circumferential stress is used to design a relatively simple and efficient formulation.
We show that a simple fracture theory which consists in using a dynamic crack initiation toughness, a crack orientation along the maximum principal stress and a simple equation for the calculation of the crack speed is sufficient to explain what is observed experimentally.
Fractographic analyses of the plane orientations of crack initiation and propagation were carried out by optical microscope and SEM approaches.
The orientations of crack initiation plane were measured and found dependent on the loading parameters which supports the idea of critical plane based fatigue models.
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