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The 3-D numerical models for the cracked pipes cover different crack depth to pipe wall thickness ratio, a/t, and a fixed crack depth to crack length ratio, a/c.
A technique for measuring the crack depth is based on the skin effect, the phenomenon in which a high-frequency alternating current is confined to the surface of a conductor.
This makes it possible to measure the surface area of a small region with a simple meter, since an increase in crack depth means an increase in current path, and this in turn causes an increase in voltage drop.
As crack depth increases frequency difference increases.
Figure 1 Comparison of estimated mean values (Upper) and covariances (Lower) of crack depth.
This is also valid for longitudinal cracks and for crack depth.
However, studies about crack depth affecting the chloride penetration and subsequent steel corrosion are rarely available.
The crack depth a and half-length c are assumed to be 0.25 mm [19, 20].
High crack depth ratios appear to increase the coupling effects.
Crack effects become more noticeable as crack depth increases.
In this formulation, the crack depth and location are considered as independent global design parameters.
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