(Although some judges have endorsed this caricature, it is worth noting that it clashes with how both dissenters and many theorists characterise their activities (Cf. Rawls, 1971; Greenawalt, 1987; Markovits, 2006).) Second, the communicative aspect of civil disobedience could be said to aggravate such offences since it usually is attended by much greater publicity than most covert violations are.
Let us ask ourselves first whether Sidgwick's covert utilitarianism would be unable to pass Kant's publicity test.
More work assesses the way states signal via covert action, the politics of "open secrets," the impact of publicity on international rules, sensitive information in international organizations and theories of limited war.
Civilian deaths in neighboring Pakistan for which the CIA's covert drone program there has been blamed have elicited far more publicity than drone operations by the U.S. military in Afghanistan.
These include secured by design (SBD) housing planning and construction standards; levels of ambient lighting sometimes increased in the interests of crime prevention; alley-gating to restrict access to the backs of properties where covert access may otherwise be readily obtained; and the widespread use of and publicity for DNA-like property marking.
Indeed, the high publicity-value New York Times scoops of the past two weeks about covert national security programs have come substantially from Obama aides themselves.
Mr. Lee, who uses various covert launching sites along the border, ridiculed Mr. Park's launchings at Imjingak as little more than publicity stunts.
But in spite of these recent flashes of publicity, hard evidence of Israeli ties with the Gulf states is still rare – because they remain largely covert.
Over 50 years construing the provision, GAO has cultivated a doctrine that separates "publicity or propaganda" into three types of inappropriate activity: 1) "self-aggrandizement," 2) "purely partisan purposes," and 3) "covert propaganda". Self-aggrandizement (also known as "puffery") refers to an agency's efforts to overstate its own importance.
Stop your covert activities.
