Ecologist Robert Desharnais of California State University, Los Angeles, wishes the authors had multiple cylinders to study and that they had manipulated species numbers to make sure there were no covert patterns of change in the populations.
When mice were asked to perform progressively faster covert patterns of lever presses to obtain a reinforcer, they reduced variability in sequence frequency, but increased variability in an orthogonal uncorrelated feature (sequence duration).
Because a large number of sequences did not contain covert patterns (were not reinforced) we have also calculated the probability of a magazine check having occurred after a reinforced lever-press vs a non-reinforced lever-press, and observed that this was rather low (∼0.25) and did not change from early to late sessions (Post hoc comparison: t144 = 1.184, p = 0.283, Figure 1E, bottom right).
But terrorism experts have said the attack fit the pattern of the continuing covert actions by Iran and its proxy, Hezbollah.
Similar results have been observed in manual responses (Hunt, von Mühlenen, & Kingstone, 2007), and human electrophysiological work has tied this pattern to the underlying deployment of covert attention (Hickey, van Zoest, & Theeuwes, 2010).
Design Multicentre, prospective, covert observational study.
"In this way disparate-impact liability may prevent segregated housing patterns that might otherwise result from covert and illicit stereotyping," he observed.
He distinguishes 'phenotypes', which are overt grammatical categories typically indicated by morphemic markers, from what he called 'cryptotypes', which are covert grammatical categories, marked only implicitly by distributional patterns in a language that are not immediately apparent.
The stamp stands for Secondary Security Screening Selection, and Ms. In 't Veld said the pattern suggested how the U.S. authorities keep covert tabs on foreign travelers, who have no practical way of finding out if the information held on them is accurate.
