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Item fit, item stability, coverage of item content and person measure (item-person map), and item targeting were evaluated.
Similar(59)
For practical use, the model is designed to deal with the following three points: accuracy; timing of forecast release; and the broad coverage of items.
They reported 92% coverage of items on average (κ=0.87).
We used seven existing instruments (as per references) to ensure comprehensive coverage of items and then added items that were relatively unique to our study population (eg, food bank service use).
Step 4 involves assessment of the content coverage of items retained after Step 3 against a pre-existing theoretical framework appropriate to the objectives of the instrument and the target population.
Judgments about whether to include an item were based on several factors: the degree to which a given item reflected how a particular aging perception was defined (content validity); the logic of a given item, specifically its meaning and readability for participants; and the validity and content coverage of items within the broader aging literature.
To investigate fatigue coverage of the item list, patients were asked to suggest additional items.
Where necessary the wording and formatting of items was adapted to increase consistency, but the content and theoretical coverage of each item was maintained.
However, some caution should be in place as there are some clear limitations in the curriculum indicator used to operationalize coverage of the item content.
This limitation is unlikely to have had a detrimental effect on the content coverage of our item pool due to the diversity of the instruments included in this study and to the breadth of content and theoretical coverage of their items.
Item stem and response option wording was adapted to increase consistency in the new instrument, but the content and theoretical coverage of each item accurately reflected the original (i.e. in terms of meaningful concept).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com