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Using missForest for multiple imputation resulted in very biased estimates and poor coverage of confidence intervals.
We look at bias of parameter estimators and coverage of confidence intervals.
Better predictions do not mean better coverage of confidence intervals; it is important that imputation methods incorporate the correct amount of variation in order to produce unbiased estimates with correct coverage of confidence intervals (34).
It is clear that our proposed method gives almost unbiased point estimates and good coverage of confidence intervals.
Patient - level models A - C guaranteed nominal coverage of confidence intervals at different ICC values, whereas the other models were likely to produce lower coverage under certain conditions.
Bias, coverage of confidence intervals, and a measure of (in- efficiency, the standard devin- efficiencyer 1,000 replicathenstandardforth the 'empirical standeviationr'), are summarised.
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In general coverages of confidence intervals were lower than the nominal 95% level reflecting an underestimation of variance.
The designs were assessed by computing bias, relative bias, mean square error and coverages of confidence intervals.
Another interesting fact was the lower coverages of confidence intervals computed by sampling statistics for the random designs, for increasing spatial correlation and sample size.
The estimated standard error of the treatment effect will be too small, implying inflation of type I error rates and under-coverage of confidence intervals.
Besides showing the analysis for a single sample, the averaged results from GAM, GAMM and GAMAR were given, and the statistics calculated were mean estimates, bias, relative error and coverage, short for "coverage rate of confidence interval (CI) on true value".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com