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For instance, outsourcing to cheaper contracts, or greater use of flexible employment, may be matched by an increase of collective bargaining activities and coverage of agreement in sectors such as cleaning, catering and security, and for agency work, part-time and fixed-duration employment, as has been the case in the Netherlands (Visser 2013).
Limitations in geographical coverage of agreement studies and multidisciplinary colposcopy meetings are coupled with problems of continuity in the long term.
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The incidence of such hardship clauses increased in following years, but bargaining activity (number and coverage of agreements) decreased.
The coverage of agreements signed in earlier years remained high until 2012 but then dropped by between two and three million workers.9 Responding to union pressure, the central union and employers' associations agreed to advice their affiliates to use a speed track procedure to renew collective agreements.
Comparing data from medical records – the gold standard – with data registered in the MHCR, we found that most variables in the MHCR demonstrated good to very good degree of coverage of data, agreement, and internal validity.
Enterprise and 'group level' agreements register a similar sharp decline in recent times and the total coverage of new agreements has dropped to a mere 6.4percentt in 2013 from an average of 44.2percentt between 2000 and 2010.
The decline of members and union coverage of workplace agreements continued in the harsher legal environment of the Howard years and was not reversed by Labor's Fair Work Act.
He cautions that this partitioning is jeopardized by the erosion in the coverage of collective agreements.
Collective bargaining and many of its underpinning laws and institutions are the product of major crises, not least the Great Depression of the 1930s, which became the inspiration for multi-employer bargaining and the rules that for half a century and longer ensured wide-ranging coverage of wage agreements.
As for the firm-level institutional arrangements governing wage formation, the survey provides evidence on, among other things, the adoption and coverage of collective agreements, the extent of firm-level adjustment of wages to inflation, whether the firm follows time-dependent or state-dependent rules to modify wages and prices, and how frequent those adjustments are.
Statistical analyses were performed for degree of coverage, agreement and correlation of data, and sensitivity and specificity.
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