The rapid progress was attributed to the wide streets overhead and the modification of the cut-and-cover method devised by the French engineer Fulgence Bienvenue.
Then, a set of three scenarios of vegetation cover change was devised by replacing a fast fuel model by slower fuels, and the existing network of fuelbreaks was also overlaid.
The agencies' traditional work of rating debt securities has been further stretched to cover exotic structured-finance instruments devised by investment banks.
Devlet Bahceli, leader of the opposition Nationalist Movement party (MHP), said the controversy was a political manoeuvre devised by Erdogan to "cover up his faults", including corruption claims targeting his inner circle.
Of 163 countries covered by an index of state capability devised by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), only 34 are classified as highly capable.
The widget, devised by Little Fluffy Toys, covers 32 cities in countries from America to Australia, and generates lucrative business for the London-based software developer.
Conceived by Nicolas Kent, The Great Game: Afghanistan consists of 12 short plays that cover 150 years of Afghan history ("The Great Game" was a name devised by Rudyard Kipling to describe the struggle for control of Central Asia).
Mr Grass's polemical diary covers 1990, a year he devoted to arguing against the unity package devised by Helmut Kohl and approved by the East German people.
The town hall meetings, which each cost 11m yen of taxpayers' money to organise, covered a range of subjects, including education, now the target of far-reaching reforms devised by Mr Koizumi's successor, Shinzo Abe.
