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During the 19th century, imprisonment gradually replaced corporal penalties as a punishment for crime, but the courts retained the power to order whippings in cases involving violent crimes (see prison).
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Even after the Supreme Court lays down controlling doctrines in these areas, district and appellate courts retain substantial discretion to resolve the ordinary disputes that come before them.
The court's broader message now, as then, was that despite Congress's efforts in 1996 to place severe new limits on habeas corpus, federal courts retain the ability, and the obligation, to take these cases seriously.
In three new decisions, meanwhile, the Supreme Court has signaled that while federal courts retain a role in correcting death penalty injustices, their room to do so has been limited by a 1996 law intended to speed executions.
Following are excerpts from the decision yesterday by a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit upholding the denial of an asylum hearing to Elian Gonzalez: The courts retain the authority to check agency policy making for procedural compliance and for arbitrariness.
The court retained the right to redact "properly classified information".
Long after its political power had been usurped by military men, the court retained its prestige as the fountainhead of culture.
But Cameron observed that the German constitutional court retained the right to review whether essential freedoms were respected when powers were transferred to Europe.
If you cant agree to a net present value for the unexercised statutory options, then you have two choices: deferred distribution via formula or court retained jurisdiction.
But, the Court retained its authority hear civil cases via certificates of division until the abolition of the circuit courts by the Judicial Code of 1911.
Only the high court retains the old name today.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com