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The judiciary is made up of the courts of first instance, appellate courts, and the Court of Cassation.
The provincial justice system includes supreme courts, appellate courts, courts of first instance, and justices of the peace.
With the adoption of the 1911 Judicial Code, the circuit courts were abolished, and the district courts became the sole federal courts of first instance.
Under recently reformed Dutch administrative law, appeal against administrative decisions is generally open with the administrative sections of the courts of first instance.
Below these are courts of first instance, courts of judicial proceedings (which do not pass sentences), penal courts, and municipal courts.
Holders of high office cannot be tried by courts of first instance; congressmen can be tried only by the Supreme Court.
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A court of first instance helps with the caseload.
Of course we are not a court of first instance in reviewing these findings.
The court of first instance sustained that contention and the State appealed.
The opinion delivered by the court of first instance was similarly indefinite.
The court of first instance, the Landgericht Essen (Regional Civil Court), denied this claim in 2016.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com