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Interestingly in Oryza, it was observed that during the course of duplication the structural domains accumulate variations in order to adapt to new function.
However, using the set of all sequence identities of proteins for a given family one could tentatively reconstruct the course of duplication events that led to the appearance of this family.
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One proposed explanation for the fact that only certain α-β combinations have been observed is that that α integrin subunits may have gained or lost the ability to form heterodimers with certain β subunits during the course of gene duplication [5].
The integrin-β repertoire (which pair with α-integrins in a combinatorial fashion) also underwent substantial expansion in the course of 2R (six duplication events).
Of course, gene duplication on its own does not create much novelty, but these duplicates diverge over time, with respect to both their regulation and their sequences.
We agree with the reviewers about the value of mutants, and we have included analysis of mps1-1 in Figure 4. We also have done multiple timing experiments to determine how SPB components are recruited during the course of wild-type SPB duplication to build a complete model of the duplication process using the lens of SIM.
On the other hand, in the course of bacterial evolution, the duplication and/or horizontal transfer have occurred.
A hallmark of members of the Eph/ephrin families is their expansion of numbers during the course of evolution, due to multiple duplication events [19].
Such findings demonstrated the significance of continuous gene duplication as well as that of whole genome duplication in the course of genome evolution.
A large part of expression divergence is considered to arise through duplication in the course of evolution [ 45], and functional diversification of the surviving duplicated genes is also considered a major feature of the long-term evolution of polyploids [ 66].
Our results therefore support a growing appreciation for the importance of duplication and deletion events in the course of human evolution [9], [14].
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