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The 90° hybrid combiner or quadrature coupler can be realized in several different forms.
The fused fiber coupler can be function as WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing).
The second port of the directional coupler can be used to interferometrically cancel out the pump tone reflected from the sample.
The resultant optical output after the optical coupler can be expressed as, {E}_O t)={E}_U t)+{E}_L t) (17).
The geometrical structure of the whole N×N coupler can be determined effectively by three parameters when the width of the MMI section is given.
The core thickness and the internal separation of the two waveguides in the directional coupler can be adjusted to meet the resonance conditions.
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In other words, the energies of the couplers can be switched on and off by applying the pump laser.
By tuning the separation between the AHPMW waveguides, the directional couplers can be used as wavelength-selective components operating at the telecommunication wavelength.
The pitch angle of two coupled couplers can be written as gamma_{2} = arcsin ({{h_{1} } mathord{left/ {vphantom {{h_{1} } {l_{3} }}} right. kern-0pt} {l_{3} }}), (3)where (l_{3}) is the distance between coupler rotational pins at adjacent carbodies.
Here we assume that couplers can be introduced between qubits and we identify the coupling architecture that minimizes the total length of the couplers, rendering the physical implementation more practical.
By exploiting a polymer-onto-polymer lamination method for thin structured SU‐8 films, waveguide grating couplers can be fabricated in a film on top of a microfluidic channel system.
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