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The dephosphorylation of ATP to ADP releases energy and is coupled to import of metabolites for cellular and enzymatic functions and export of toxins and wastes.
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For our simplified ABC importer (Fig. 1A), ATP loading is coupled with substrate binding, and ATP hydrolysis is directly coupled to substrate import.
To measure PAT2-mediated transport of these proline derivatives, substrate-induced inward currents were measured by TEVC where the net charge movement across the plasma-membrane is due to H+ influx coupled to amino acid import [9].
We show that whilst tri-peptide import is coupled to three protons, the mechanism for di-peptide import requires at least four and possibly five protons.
OtsBA, coding for enzymes that catalyze trehalose biosynthesis [36], and kdpFABC, which encodes a high affinity potassium import system coupled to glutamate accumulation [36] were up-regulated in wild-type cultures at the time of aggregation (Figure 5E).
Additionally, mitofilin is coupled to the outer membrane and promotes protein import via the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly pathway.
The nuclear import and export machinery is coupled to the regulation of RAN-GTP hydrolysis.
The import of cystine via system xc− is directly coupled to glutamate export, which occurs in a Na+-independent manner (Bannai and Kitamura, 1980).
Core protein phosphorylation is clearly the key step in the nuclear import of HBV particles, but it is tightly coupled to the maturity of the viral genome.
For example, how to use Sente to annotate and read PDFs on the go on an iPad, keep them synchronized with cloud-based libraries, and how to use Mac Sente to import coupled bibliographical information with your PDF libraries cleanly and also export your organized annotations and quotations for use on your thesis or book projects.
Torres stopped making hats himself a couple of years ago because it was cheaper to import and sell them.
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