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Many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to functionally couple to multiple G-protein subfamily members.
While CRFRs are classically thought of as Gαs-coupled GPCRs that exert their effects via activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and subsequent increases in the second messenger cAMP [23], [24], these receptors have since been shown to couple to multiple G-protein signaling cascades in neurons [25].
PAC1 and VPAC1 receptors can couple to multiple signal transduction pathways, often depending on the cell type and developmental stage.
LPA signals via at least five distinct GPCRs (termed LPA1 5) that couple to multiple G proteins, including Gi/o, Gq/11 and G12/13.
The PTHRP-R can couple to multiple signalling systems, including Ca2+/protein kinase C, cAMP and Ras/ERK pathways (Carpio et al, 2001; Miao et al, 2001).
However, these results could also be explained by a combination of ligand-directed signalling bias and the ability of the GLP-1 receptor to couple to multiple G proteins.
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GPCR activation may therefore involve receptor desensitization, coupling to multiple G proteins, Gα or Gβγ signalling, and pathway activation that is independent of G proteins.
While much of the work to date has focused on systems in which there is a single qubit, and there is a growing literature on the case of two qubits [10, 17, 19, 41, 44 49], an important future direction for both fundamental effects and possible applications is to study a waveguide coupled to multiple (or many) qubits.
We propose a controllable and scalable architecture for quantum information processing using a superconducting system network, which is composed of current-biased Josephson junctions (CBJJs) as tunable couplers between the two superconducting transmission line resonators (TLRs), each coupling to multiple superconducting qubits (SQs).
These are just a few of the many examples of GPCRs coupling to multiple G proteins.
In a processive mode of enzymatic catalysis, a single substrate binding event is coupled to multiple rounds of catalytic turnover.
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