We did not find any study that examined the influence of couple conflict on the use of telephone advice services.
In our exploration of couple conflict and illness management we have used a limited assessment of these constructs using the available variables of the Quebec Health Survey.
In an investigation involving healthy controls, oxytocin compared with placebo reduced couple conflict (improved social communication) and reduced cortisol concentrations [ 8].
To our knowledge, the direct relations between couple conflict, multiple chronic problems, and the use of telephone health lines have not been systematically examined.
Singh's early hypothesis was that the three children, in different ways, were caught up in their parents' conflict as they all exhibited symptoms which could be understood as distraction tactics, deflecting attention away from the couple conflict.
The benefits of Triple P are not restricted to children and include beneficial effects on family functioning, including reduced maternal depression and stress, increased parental satisfaction and efficacy, and reduced couple conflict over parenting issues [ 31- 34].
Drinking is perceived to be a leading cause of couple conflict (Vannoy et al., 1999; Pishnyak, 2009) and increases the risk of domestic violence (Cubbins and Vannoy, 2005; Lisova, 2008; Stickley et al., 2008; Zhan et al., 2011).
In addition to these pathways, family and extra-familial contextual factors may moderate relations between anxiety and coparenting as we have noted above in the case of couple conflict before the birth of the child.
Depression, for example, is reciprocally related to couple conflict; maternal depression is associated with maladaptive parent child relations; and parent child conflict is associated with child depression (Restifo and Bogels 2009; see also the review of Heinrichs et al. 2010, on couple functioning and child behavior problems).
In two of these dyads, the mothers' continued smoking was the source of couple conflict, and both fathers used coercion to persuade their wives to quit, threatening plans for having a second child were conditional on the complete elimination of smoking.
