In many European countries, standardised classification systems for the conclusions of mammography reports are used.
In various countries, standardised mortality ratios are used in an attempt to judge the quality of hospital care. 1 2 3 4 However, several authors have raised concerns that differences in standardised mortality ratios may not reflect differences in quality of care delivered.
The analysis of qualitative research data from each country was standardised, using a structured coding model based on the study objectives and recurrent themes in the literature.
Observed and expected numbers of cancers were pooled among countries, and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), taken as the ratio of observed-to-expected cancers, were determined.
Developed countries wanted all countries to provide standardised information on their emissions targets and plans, to ensure transparency and comparability.
Such measures, for instance, would require that countries not only develop robust mechanisms to prosecute those who abuse children internally but also reach agreements with other countries to standardise prosecution, pursue perpetrators across borders, and carry out public advocacy in both home and recipient countries.
Furthermore, ideally the questioning in the ongoing surveys in the different countries should be standardised and there should be a uniform categorisation of the different cyber offences.
Against this backdrop, we expect no or only negligible scarring effects regarding vocationally skilled workers in countries with highly standardised VET and liberal labour market structures such as Switzerland.
Between countries, costs were standardised to a common currency using Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) rather than exchange rates, as the latter were designed to compare costs in financial markets which, unlike health service costs, change rapidly.
Efforts in a number of countries to collect standardised data on case mix and outcomes for paediatric cardiac surgery (including our own national audit in the UK) have led to a shift from the use of consensus-based risk stratification tools (eg, RACHS-1 1 and ARISTOTLE 2) to risk estimates based on empirical data, for example, the STS-EACTS score.
