In recent years, HIV PCR (DNA or RNA) has become more accessible for resource limited countries: blood specimen sampling, storage and transport have been simplified with the use of dried blood spot [4] and prices are decreasing with the introduction of real time PCR [5].
Another challenge, especially for underdeveloped countries, is specimen preservation during shipment.
A number of institutions around the country have requested specimens, including the Smithsonian and the American Museum of natural History.
Field naturalists, botanists, and country gentry sent specimens from across the British Isles.
Data for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were adapted from the annual report of the Croatian Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, which includes data from all laboratories in the country that process specimens for TB.
For example, 82% of the sequences lack explicit reference to a voucher specimen, 63% are not tagged with specimen country of origin, and 42% of all sequences are marked as not having been published in spite of the fact that about 40% of these indeed have been (Supporting Information).
For countries banning MDR specimens, certain other strains with predetermined resistance to antibiotics can be sent for proficiency testing.
Strategies to improve the timeliness of surveillance include expedited transport of laboratory specimens within countries and from countries to reference laboratories, streamlined notification and analysis, and widespread deployment of rapid diagnostic tests.
District veterinary officers throughout the country are responsible for specimen collection and the decision to send specimens to federally operated laboratories for testing.
Writing in 1897, Dalziel said of the breed, "I do not believe the breed is lost, but that scattered throughout the country there are many specimens of the old English water spaniel, which it only requires that amount of encouragement to breeding which it is in the power of show committees to give to perpetuate the variety and improve its form".
