The grades covered by ASTM and other alloys are also produced to meet Aerospace and Military specifications (SAE-AMS, MIL-T), ISO standards, and country-specific specifications, as well as proprietary end-user specifications for aerospace, military, medical, and industrial applications.
This allows accounting for the heterogeneity in the countries' agricultural, political, and economic systems through a country-specific model specification.
This allows us to account for the large heterogeneity in the countries' agricultural, political, and economic systems in a country-specific model specification.
We included studies undertaken in any country (no specifications required) and any study type (e.g. systematic reviews, comparative studies, randomised controlled trials, descriptive studies, intervention studies, narrative reviews).
Third, a specification involving country-specific random effects is strongly rejected in favour of fixed effects on the basis of the usual Hausman test; in all cases the p-value associated with this test statistic is extremely small.
Fifth, a specification in terms of country-specific random effects is soundly rejected by the usual Hausman test in favour of the fixed-effects specification in all cases.
This is the reason why the first two columns of each table present estimates only estimates from considering the unemployment rate in the origin country, a specification more comparable to those in previous papers analyzing only analyzed one of the flows.
with symmetric or asymmetric farm-retail price transmission in relation to country and/or product specifications.
Exports can help spread costs, but different countries demand different specifications, which pushes costs back up.
However, such plots for either all or selected country-crop model specifications can be available upon request.
