Sentence examples for countries efficiency from inspiring English sources

Furthermore, Fig. 1b, d presents diachronically countries' efficiency curves when accounting both for the number of disaster occurrences and time (i.e., time-dependent conditional efficiency estimates).

Finally, it is also shown that regardless of countries' income classification, the negative effect of the number of disaster occurrences influences first countries' efficiency and then their technological change levels.

The left-hand side (Fig. 3a, c, e, g, and i) on Fig. 3 represents the effect of time and the number of disaster occurrences on countries' technological change (shifts in the frontier), whereas the right-hand side (Fig. 3b, d, f, h, and j) represents the effect on countries' efficiency levels (technological catch-up).

In both cases (i.e., for the full and robust frontiers) and in comparison with the original estimates, it is observed that G7 countries' efficiency curves are highly fluctuated under the effect of time and disaster events presenting a highly nonlinear path.

Then by applying a local constant nonparametric regression on the above ratios, we can determine the effect of time and the number of disaster occurrences on the boundary-swift of the frontier (for the case of full frontier: Q) and on the distributions of countries' efficiencies (for the case of partial frontier: Q α ).

*NOTE: This figure compares cross-country efficiency rankings across a variety of paper specifications.

Fig. 1 Cross-country efficiency ranking comparisons and Pearson correlation coefficients using hyperbolic order-α estimator, 2010.

The absence of such variables not only create the disincentive to the entrepreneurs but also are the reason for the cross-country efficiency difference.

A first finding is that because of the lack of a theoretically justified input-output combination, there exists quite considerable variation in country efficiency rankings across specifications.

A number of authors that have undergone cross-country efficiency analysis have noted that OECD countries are suitably homogeneous to employ non-parametric efficiency estimation models [8, 10, 12].

Due to the enormous quantity of the results obtained, it is not feasible to present the analytical (per country) efficiency estimates both for conditional and unconditional frontiers both for full and their robust versions.