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A flow between counties (i, j) is counted whenever two consecutive pictures ((p_{i}), (p_{ i+1})) are taken in counties i and j respectively.
Here, (r_{ij}) represents the number of travellers between two airports i and j, while (c_{ij}) represents the daily number of commuters between any two counties i and j.
In 2014, enrollees generally lived in high-density counties (i.e., more urban) and in neighborhoods where one quarter of the households had incomes below federal poverty guidelines.
We set elements of the weight matrix, w ij to be inversely proportional to the distance between the centroids of counties i and j.
where n = the number of counties; = the mean of the sampling rate across all counties; x i, x j = sampling rates in counties i and j respectively; w ij ∈ W = the weighting for the covariance between counties i and j; finally σ(x) = the sampling rate standard deviation.
The other five counties (i.e., Shuangyang, Jiutai, Nong'an, Yushu and Dehui) are rural areas.
Similar(41)
In Kent, Ottawa, and Allegan counties, I-196 is known as the Gerald R. Ford Freeway, or simply the Ford Freeway, after the 38th President of the United States, Gerald Ford, whose political career began in Grand Rapids.
Suppose county i in state s shares a border with county j in state q.
for the observation from county i in state s in period t.
The radiation model is a stochastic model, assigning a person from a county i to a job of another county j with a probability depending on the estimated number of job opportunities close to the county of origin i.
E i,t is the log of employment variable (employment-to-population ratio) of the relevant group e.g., young adult workers employed in urban (county) units divided by the urban working age population (15 64) for county i in year t; MW i,t and MW i,t−1 are the log of minimum wage index variables (minimum-to-average-wage ratio) for county i in year t and year t-1, respectively.
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