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There are countervailing effects.
With respect to the use of performance measures for accountability we find countervailing effects, as the effect on functional strategic decision influence is positive when the measures are more reliable but negative when they are more specific to the functional subunit.
As argued by Muenning 2007, however, two countervailing effects may limit the savings attributable to higher education.
Lower scores (score 2 3) pointed out that concentrations of ozone precursors might change, countervailing effects exist, and the "time-integrated sign of change" of pollutants was deemed unknown.
PHE creates countervailing effects increasing the stressed blood volume through the recruitment of unstressed volume in the reservoir compartment (which increase the venous return) and increasing the venous resistance through the mean radius decrease in the large veins (which decrease the venous return), concomitantly.
By implication, physical activity may have countervailing effects in the brain and on energy output.
Similar(38)
Marketing restrictions operate in conjunction with tax rules to determine the structure and operation of alternative investment funds, but to countervailing effect.
In some cases cheaper manufactured imports may have been partially controlled through the countervailing effect of stimulated demand for domestic manufactured goods through temporary sales tax cuts (as happened in Brazil in 2011 2012, or in some cases through the lower costs of imported intermediate goods).
In this case, the sensitivity of the manager's wealth to changes in stock price, or portfolio delta, will have two countervailing incentive effects: a positive "reward effect" and a negative "risk effect". In contrast, the sensitivity of the manager's equity portfolio to changes in risk, or portfolio vega, will have an unambiguously positive incentive effect.
Education may expose people to science, but it has a countervailing effect as well, leading people to be more individualistic and ideological.
But Mr. Greenspan has also tried to point out that the same productivity-driven forces that send stock prices and consumer spending up have a countervailing effect that helps dampen the economy.
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