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He appeals to counterpart theory, modified to allow a variety of counterpart relations, to explain this.
Similarities between such objects across worlds in turn determine counterpart relations.
(Lewis' views on counterpart theory and counterpart relations change over time, see Lewis (1968 , 1986.
Well, he is according to some counterpart relations, and not according to others.
Instead, possible individuals are worldbound, existing in only one world, and possess their de re modal properties in virtue of bearing counterpart relations to other possible entities.
When more demanding counterpart relations are salient, he isn't one of Malloy's counterparts, and indeed all of Malloy's counterparts share his parents.
Similar(50)
Counterpart-theoretic semantics can be restricted so as to validate the Barcan scheme, by insisting that the counterpart relation is an equivalence relation which, for each particular x and world w, relates x to a unique particular in w. (One could not then interpret the counterpart relation in terms of similarity, as Lewis does).
So relative to this counterpart relation he is essentially golden.
The counterpart relation is a similarity relation in most cases (but arguably not in all cases).
And the choice of a counterpart relation is a pragmatic or interest-relative choice.
Socrates, therefore, may well have non-human counterparts under one counterpart relation and no non-human counterparts under another.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com