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If the data are informative, this might suggest the effect of evolutionary forces countering random drift in order to maintain allele frequencies at similar levels across populations (e.g., BTN3A2; Table 1).
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It is possible that quality scores are of greater value when the number of sequence reads is low; however, in such instances stochastic effects become important, and it is unclear whether more accurate reads can properly counter random sequencing errors.
We observe that each of these means can be expressed as O ( 1 N d ) + α d, where α d = 1/4,2/3,1/(2ℓ + 1) are for the backward counter, forward counter and random walk, respectively.
The observer was blind to the treatment groups and treatments were tested in a counter-balanced, random order.
Therefore, we should better avoid these functions in counter mode, in hybrid counter mode of random number generators, or in ciphers.
This phase consists in setting up a Master Selection Silent Interval (MSSI) counter to a random value.
It can be observed that counter-like and random walk sub-chains present a very local and regular connectivity structure.
The matrix P is the transition probability matrix for a Markov chain formed by concatenating forward and backward counter-like and random walk sub-chains and γ < 1.
In the counter-like and random walk structures, the connections from most of the states are the repetition of the same (local) connectivity structure.
In CSMA/CA, a sensor sets its backoff counter to a random integer number uniformly distributed over the interval [1,W] where W∈(Wmin,Wmax) denotes the contention window.
In the actual study, team leaders did random counter checking on clinical examination everyday.
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