Sentence examples for counterfactual framework from inspiring English sources

Our causality analysis is based on Rubin's counterfactual framework [32].

In domestic studies, those employing a counterfactual framework and advanced econometric model to solve endogeneity problems keep emerging (Liang 2010; Chen 2012b; Chen et al. 2013, 2014; Chen and Bian 2015).

Using the counterfactual framework (Rubin 1997; Holland 1986), unit i has a set of potential outcomes, defined as, {Y i (t)} t ∈ Γ, i = 1,….., N, where τ is a continuous set of potential treatment values.

For this reason, an analytical approach called potential outcomes or counterfactual framework was chosen.

In this respect, a recent paper clarified the distinction between interaction and effect modification within the counterfactual framework [ 31].

First, we elucidate the relations between C and E by hypothetically conceptualizing potential outcomes of E in the counterfactual framework.

This paper applies the modern evaluation technique: the counterfactual outcome framework to data from about 400 households in Malawi to assess the patterns of diffusion and adoption of improved pigeonpea varieties and their determinants.

Of course, the same argument can be made for other formal representations, including the counterfactual outcome framework that DAGs are linked with in this issue [ 2].

The reader is advised that we do not aim to develop new methodology, but instead only use existing theoretical concepts and illustrate these using easily interpretable examples.> An important cornerstone in causal mediation analysis is the theoretical framework of counterfactuals or potential outcomes.

The counterfactual approach provides a clear and coherent framework to think about a variety of important concepts related to causation.

The counterfactual approach provides a clear and coherent framework to think about a variety of important concepts related to causation [ 1, 2].