Whenever the traits that maximize relative fitness within groups are not the same as the traits that maximize collective benefits, between-group selection is required to counteract within-group selection.
The supersaturation — the ratio between concentration and solubility — is influenced by the initiator concentration on two counteracting ways within the frame of radical polymerization kinetics.
Meanwhile, efforts to counteract excessive drinking within the military are numerous, albeit somewhat disingenuous.
Genetic approaches to combat infectious disease tend to focus on improving host resistance, i.e. the ability of a host to block pathogen entry or to counteract pathogen replication within the host.
The growth conditions of quantum well layers were modified in order to counteract the phase segregation within GaInNAs QWs.
As with many different cancers, the search for a new standard has progressed to the design of immunotherapies, which aim to counteract the immune changes within this microenvironment.
Thus, by targeting the mRNA of three tumor suppressors (PUMA, PTEN and TIMP3), two of which (PUMA and PTEN) are direct p53 transcriptional targets, miR-221/222 are able to post-transcriptionally counteract pro-apoptotic signaling within the p53 network.
However, where good relationships pervade, despite these issues, they have the potential to counteract systemic problems inherent within mental health trusts (e.g. power imbalance, stigma, medical hierarchy and limited resources) [ 24].
The identification of angiogenesis-associated gene signatures in SMC exposed to convergent mechanical or growth factor stimuli may therefore be a component of the subsequent hypertrophic and hyperplastic response that enables tissues to adapt to and counteract increased intraluminal pressure within the organ.
The methodological strategy commonly used to counteract the method effect fall within the framework of multitrait multimethod (MTMM) under structural equation modeling.
