Note that many of the paths through this space lead to a dynamic balance of AP-1 dimer forms, yielding a robust AP-1 response counteracting the biological variability.
Many of the paths through the combinatorial parameter space lead to a dynamic balance of AP-1 dimer forms, yielding a robust AP-1 response counteracting the biological variability.
Consistently, one could suggest that plasticity, which is a trait that could promote evolvability in sncRNAs (Ancel and Fontana 2000) and which is also extensible for proteins (Tokuriki and Tawfik 2009), evolves to counteract the low genetic variability in complex organisms (Lynch and Conery 2003).
It has been argued that biodiversity can counteract negative effects of environmental variability and disturbances (e.g. [ 3, 4]) providing that sufficient species (or functionally important traits) can persist and continue to perform at opposite extremes of the fluctuating spectrum.
While population bottlenecks are predicted to result in a loss of variability, balancing selection may counteract the effects of drift unless the effective population size becomes so low relative to the selection coefficient that genes under balancing selection behave in a neutral manner [ 10, 11].
Several interacting factors may counteract the adaptive process, including gene flow, environmental variability, phenotypic plasticity, and the lack of genetic diversity (Kawecki and Ebert 2004; Crispo 2008).
Using this method, however, an increase in measurement error, such as that introduced with careless instrument administration, would be associated with an increase in the expected efficacy of the treatment under consideration, sufficient to counteract the decrease in power due to increased variability.
In contrast, the number of miRNA target genes in polymorphic CNVs is higher than in non-CNV regions, suggesting that genes integral to polymorphic CNVs are more likely to be regulated by miRNAs, in order to counteract their expression changes due to copy number variability of the region in which they reside [ 9].
Variability of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes counteracting immune responses is poorly investigated in non-cultured clinical strains.
In our example, the programmed advantage of increased theoretical discriminability for the sequential condition is more than counteracted by the programmed disadvantage of increased criterion variability and leads to a lower empirical ROC.
