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However, a distinct set of cellular factors have also evolved to counteract the replication of viral pathogens such as HIV.
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The replication of a live festival this year will even extend to concession stands.
Opponents say the replication of cells, regardless of implantation in the uterus, amounts to cloning.
The laborious process usually involves the replication of results by independent individuals or laboratories.
In most human somatic cells insufficient telomerase is expressed to counteract the end replication problem.
In most species, telomeres are maintained by telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric repeats de novo after every cell division, thereby counteracting incomplete DNA replication of telomeres due to the so-called end-replication problem (Collins and Mitchell, 2002; Chan and Blackburn, 2004).
Among them, the appearance of mechanisms to prevent or counteract PKR activation likely increased the replication capabilities of viruses during their adaptation to vertebrate hosts.
In conclusion, the expression of CCR5 on CD4+ T-lymphocytes could be important in LTNP to counteract the effects of HIV and suppress viral replication.
Cells use ATP-dependent molecular machines to alter the local and global topology of DNA so as to promote and counteract the persistent effects of transcription and replication.
Viruses, which require cellular machinery for their replication, have evolved different strategies to counteract the action of IFN, particularly by the alteration of IFN-signaling and IFN-induced mediators that are required for virulence [ 31].
Nonetheless it is important to ask whether the enhanced replication by the invasive strain during DHF is augmented by greater infectivity for mosquitoes, or whether, as has been predicted [ 49], a trade-off between replication in the primary host and the vector may counteract the advantage of achieving a higher titer in humans.
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