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To counteract the action of the pathogen, plants have evolved specific receptors called NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat), proteins encoded by resistance R genes, able to recognize the effectors and ultimately activating defense mechanisms leading to effector-triggered immunity (ETI) through hypersensitive response (HR 30.
Sensors detect and help counteract the action of tremors to keep the cup steady.
d Cancer cells, through the overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins or inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins, counteract the action of BAX/BAK and evade MOMP formation.
Hence it is possible that the variation in dnaN in C. difficile could be the result of a recombination-mediated mechanism to counteract the action of antibiotic like ciprofloxacin.
Thus the enhanced P-Akt expression resulting from FOXO3a induction in MCF-7 is insufficient to counteract the action of activated FOXO3a, resulting in an overall decrease in cell viability.
Yeast and fungi are able to develop resistance to counteract the action of azoles.
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Wild type Salmonella strains express AvrA conditionally, but at levels insufficient to counteract the actions of other bacterial agents.
The authors examined the response of the articular cartilage to TGF-β1 as an anabolic factor that can counteract the actions of catabolic cytokine IL-1.
As HATs counteract the actions of HDACs, we treated SAMP8 neurosphere cultures with 50 μ m of the specific inhibitor anacardic acid (AA).
For example, whereas ERα signaling is proliferative and important for development of female breast tissue, ERβ is non-proliferative, do not have a stimulating effect on the mammary gland and may counteract the actions of ERα.
In contrast to rimonabant, OEA does not block CB1 receptors and is not accountable for the wide spectrum of unwanted effects typically observed with CB1 antagonists/reverse agonists, whereas, by acting as a functional antagonist, it might counteract the actions of ECs on appetite stimulation and on the control of energy balance.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com