For example, short exposures to osmotic stress (45 minutes) led to the upregulation of solute carriers and ion transporters to allow cells to rapidly counteract the differences in osmotic pressure between the inside of the cell and the environment.
Artificial selection could be a recent process in this species or not strong enough to have caused genetic differentiation between wild populations and populations exposed to management practices, because human-induced and naturally occurring gene flow may rapidly counteract the effects of artificial selection.
Fortunately, such alterations are rapidly counteracted, e.g. by increased goblet cell secretory activity in the colon [ 246].
Population genetic structure in relation to management practices was moderate, because management is relatively recent, and artificial selection can be rapidly counteracted by high gene flow.
For example, R genes against rice blast are tremendously diverse and evolve rapidly, counteracting the Avr-genes in the blast pathogens (Dai et al. 2010b; Huang et al. 2014).
An important insight from our in vitro and modeling studies is that a nondegraded client (i.e., CD4-M1) is nevertheless ubiquitinated, but that the ubiquitin chains are rapidly counteracted and rarely long enough to trigger degradation.
In this model, any serendipitous binding of a non-cognate, self RNA (for example, a stem-loop structure) directly to RIG-I hel (Fig. 6b, step 2b) would be rapidly counteracted by RNA dissociation from RIG-I by the ATPase motor (Fig. 6b, step 3b) in an irreversible manner, because non-cognate, self RNA would lack the strong triphosphate anchoring to the CTD.
A LR manoeuvre immediately following ETS was, as an adjunct to positive end-expiratory pressure, effective in rapidly counteracting the deterioration in PaO2 and lung volume caused by open ETS in ventilator-treated patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
While these "next-generation" antibiotics could overcome some existing resistance mechanisms, many bacteria, in turn, have rapidly adapted to counteract these drugs.
This technique is believed to be capable of counteracting a doubling of CO2 rapidly and cheaply.
