Cells possess an impressive arsenal of weapons for counteracting excess ROS production, including superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxidases and low molecular mass redox compounds, such as ascorbic acid and glutathione.
Therefore, this pathway could be activated to counteract an excess of oxidant and inflammatory agents [ 8].
Our results supported a recent report that suggested a compensatory increase of adiponectin receptors to counteract the excess inflammatory and atherogenic process in coronary artery disease [ 31].
An AFO imposes a mechanical constraint on the ankle, either to compensate for loss of function [ 17- 19] or to counteract an excess of function [ 20, 21].
Nowadays, it seems that the best therapeutic approach should be to inhibit the accumulation of oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory response and also to counteract the excess of ROS generation working on redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways.
Identification of such an enzyme could be extremely useful in order to devise strategies to counteract the excess of ROS responsible for cellular oxidative damage (such as lipid peroxidation, protein nitrosylation, and DNA oxidation) and therefore balance redox signaling especially in cardiovascular tissues.
As such, the transient increase of ethylene biosynthesis specifically induced by biologically active auxin concentrations would counteract the excess of auxin by activating downstream mechanisms, in this case related to the biosynthesis of the hormone (i.e. the TRYPS gene), thus releasing the berry from the developmental block.
But the Establishment also had a more interesting and benign meaning: a network of liberal-minded people who could counteract the excesses of autocratic and short-sighted governments.
It is possible that a cytokinin-induced reduction of auxin flow occurred at the onset of the AR process to counteract a possible excess in auxin-induced founder cell formation and activity.
If you're looking for a literary menu to counteract the frivolity and excess of the festive season, here are four bite-size suggestions for the discerning Boxing Day reader.
