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The information presented here is significant because it is expected to provide the knowledge needed to develop in the future treatments to manipulate and selectively activate/inhibit proteins and metabolic pathways to counter pathogens, to treat important diseases and to increase crop productivity.
This is in part the reason why a deep knowledge of the grape genome is the starting point for developing genetic strategies to counter pathogens.
While hosts have evolved a variety of mechanisms to recognize and counter pathogens, the rare combinations leading to disease cause significant damage to the host.
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A therapeutic agent needs to be fine-tuned to conserve a functional immune response yet counter pathogen induced immune modeling throughout all stages of infection.
Understanding how dynasore modulates plasma membrane cholesterol is particularly intriguing as this may uncover novel methods to counter pathogen entry, and reduce the impact of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins and other pore-forming toxins on cell viability.
It also appears likely that since the macrophages are body's innate means of countering pathogens, they might have evolved to recognize as many features of pathogens as possible.
The different types of leukocytes are responsible for countering pathogens and for degrading the damaged tissue and creating new, healthy tissue.
In the eudicots, Arabidopsis and Brassica, and in the monocot Sorghum, the ALOG domains are additionally fused to domains found in plant counter-pathogen defense proteins, such as the TIR, AP-ATPase, and LRR repeats, and in certain cases to a MAP-kinase-like module.
Humoral immunity is generated and maintained by antigen-specific antibodies that counter infectious pathogens.
In humans, Nramp1 is part of the immune system's metal withdrawal to counter microbial pathogens, while Nramp2 is responsible for dietary and cellular uptake of non-heme iron.
In this case, treatment with anti-diarrhea medication may counter the pathogens strategy and aid against dehydration and against spread of the bacteria [ 17].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com