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Using knockdown or functional knockout of the target would address both the off-target binding and non-specific interactions.
Boyle, E. A. et al. High-throughput biochemical profiling reveals sequence determinants of dCas9 off-target binding and unbinding.
Here off-target binding implies the binding of a small molecule of therapeutic interest to a protein target other than the primary target for which it was intended.
The Cas9 tracks show that the enzymes search by diffusing through the nucleus, and that off-target binding events are predominately short lived.
Analysis of off-target binding sites showed the importance of the PAM-proximal region of the sgRNA guiding sequence and that dCas9 binding sites are enriched in open chromatin regions.
Importantly, in all NP designs we tested, a negatively-charged coating was required to shield the positive charge of RNA/PBAE polyplexes and prevent off-target binding.
Autoradiograms of the brain sections showed labeling of plaques in cortical regions, in addition to probable off-target binding in white matter (Fig. 7A).
We tested whether kidney selectivity of the ELP carrier would reduce off-target binding of VEGF in other organs.
ChIP-Seq not only revealed enriched binding of ZFPs to their intended sequence, but also considerable off-target binding, especially at promoter regions.
Off-target binding can significantly affect the PK, tissue distribution, efficacy, and toxicity of therapeutic antibodies.
Lipophilicity, off-target binding, and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux were determined as described in Additional file 1: Supplemental methods.
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