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Mr. Li attracted three "no" votes and six abstentions among the 2,949 votes counted as valid.
He said: "If hearing impaired voters are not educated appropriately on how to vote, how certain can we be that their vote will be counted as valid?" In another blow, the NEC last week announced a ban on all vehicle travel across the country on election day, allowing only NEC-accredited vehicles.
One of his biggest complaints was that ballots containing misspelling's of Murkowski's name had been counted as valid.
Only responses occurring between 150 and 1,000 ms were counted as valid.
For i) all questions except open-ended questions were considered valid; for ii) in addition, questions for which a yes/no answer was available were not counted as valid.
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Observe also that the truth-preservation notion of validity may be seen as a special case of the commitment-preservation notion as follows: Treat each of the sentences in the argument counting as valid in the former sense as being put forth in assertoric mode, and treat each such sentence as declarative.
To count as valid, a response must be a correctly formed question.
A well-formed formula \(A\) of a propositional language counts as valid under some valuation \(\alpha\) (which maps the set of propositional variables into the set of truth degrees) iff it has a designated truth degree under \(\alpha\).
Dialogical logic, e.g., offers a game-theoretic semantics for classical as well as for intuitionistic logic: a formula counts as valid if a proponent who states this formula has a winning strategy over possible attacks an opponent is allowed to realize.
In the case of a first-order language, such a well-formed formula \(A\) counts as valid under an interpretation \(\alpha\) of the language iff it has a designated truth degree under this interpretation and all assignments of objects from the universe of discourse of this interpretation to the object variables.
One state law says that only ballots with a valid postmark should be counted, while another code states that ballots can be counted as long as they have either a postmark or are signed and dated before the date of the election.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com