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(And, no, the Austrian School/Andrew Mellon solution of "liquidate, liquidate, liquidate" doesn't count as a valid suggestion).
The dispute centres on what will count as a valid provisional ballot: the Democrats want voters in the correct county but not the correct precinct to be counted as eligible.
According to Buridan, this example should not count as a valid consequence, and one reason he gives for this is that its contrapositive 'Some donkey is running, therefore some sentence is negative' is not a valid consequence.
While they differed in particular in the various definitions given to the formal vs. material consequence distinction, they all agreed that necessary truth-preservation (TP) is a necessary condition for something to count as a (valid) consequence (Dutilh Novaes 2008).
A requirement that "a will must be signed" generally imposes no duty not a duty to make a will, and not even a duty to have it signed if you do—it sets conditions in the absence of which the document simply does not count as a valid will.
He argues passionately that schools need to broaden the tent of "what counts and does not count as a valid literacy activity," inviting so-called 'low culture' into the classroom alongside 'great literature' and showing that the interests, needs, and tastes of boys are valued and have a place in a reading life.
Similar(54)
Sometimes, competitors will do just that: trip the start wand in training and ski off the course after only 100 feet because that still counts as a valid training run.
So what counts as a valid will today?
This is a huge reframe for what counts as a valid qualification, therein a real shakeup at the pillars of graduate schools.
'God does not exist, therefore you are a donkey' counts as a valid consequence according to (TP) ('God does not exist' is considered to be an impossible sentence), but the consequent is not contained in the antecedent in the same way as in 'Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is an animal'.
If the ad could reach the right target audience and was delivered with the required frequency within a given timeframe, it counted as a valid ad impression.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com