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No information relating to direct costs valuation was reported in four studies [17 19, 24].
Tariffs of social health insurance and full drugstore prices were used to unit costs valuation in the Argentinian study [28].
The six CHEC-list criteria that are regarded as most important in assessing risk of bias are appropriate choice of an time horizon, measurement of costs, valuation of costs, measurement of outcomes, valuation of outcomes, and discounting of future costs and outcomes [ 31].
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Impact of cost valuation on cost-effectiveness in adult spine deformity surgery.
This yields the hypothetical replacement cost valuation table for the present study (Table 2).
For cost valuation, in the bottom-up approach, cost components are valued by identifying resources used directly employed for a patient, whereas in the top-down approach, cost components are valued by separating out the relevant costs from comprehensive sources.
Generally, the economic definition of costs should be used in cost valuation, not the accounting (or financial) definition.
The cost valuation of the time of the administration protocol was based on a bottom-up approach.
For the cost valuation, we used standardized cost prices from the Dutch manual for cost analysis in health care research [ 28].
The currency used for cost valuation includes US dollars (5 studies), international dollar by one study (reference number 12) and local currency (6 studies).
The currency used for cost valuation included US dollars (n = 6 ) 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17 and local currency (n = 4).
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