Sentence examples for costs surface from inspiring English sources

This area has been determined through the construction of an anisotropic costs surface in GIS, which, once factoring topographic and logistical constraints, calculated the distance to Avkat in terms of walking time for all points in the AOI.

One of the most costly elements of the current patent litigation system is the discovery process, which can require defendants to expend exorbitant costs surfacing millions documents in order to build a case.

The results from these calculations have been used as frictions for a cost surface.

Poor reproducibility limits the wide uptake of low-cost surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates.

Cost factors were identified and a cost surface was created for each factor, standardized, weighed and aggregated.

Habitat connectivity was then represented by linking high-quality habitat patches along least-cost paths through this parameterized cost surface.

This results in a "least cost surface" of possible wildlife movement based on habitat preference and barriers to safe passage.

Using these changing to construct a cost surface, we also reconstructed movement paths that were consistent with field observations.

The herein reported approach is an attractive tool for environmental friendly low-cost surface engineering of novel materials.

The least cost surface approach allows for the integration of modeled connectivity and disturbance with site-specific municipal planning activities.

An exchangeable low cost surface plasmon resonance biosensor chip for real-time monitoring of biochemical interactions has been developed.