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For example, distribution costs of questionnaires were much higher in Nanning than in the other two sites, and it is not known whether this reflects technical inefficiencies (ie, waste of resources) that makes the comparison between sites uneven.
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To calculate the cost per response of completing a questionnaire we added the cost of questionnaires, envelopes and postage for each patient regardless of whether they responded or not to produce a total cost for each group.
Non-staff costs included the cost of questionnaire software and payments to participants for formative research used to develop the health messages.
With this method, time and costs of collecting questionnaires can be reduced, and experts' opinion can be kept as they are without being twisted (Cheng and Tang 2009).
Other intervention costs, such as the costs of the questionnaire, training and visit to the occupational physician, were provided by the Occupational Health Service and their commercial prices were applied.
Prospective longitudinal PROMs collection is expensive, owing to the high administrative and staff costs of repeated questionnaire administration, and ongoing patient tracking and communication.
Retrospective assessment of costs via questionnaires raises the question of how often participants should be contacted and what is the appropriate recall time frame [ 11, 12].
Calculation of patient costs involves the completion of questionnaires which may be cumbersome for routine use in monitoring and evaluation.
The marginal costs of each additional questionnaire returned were also calculated as follows.
However, if this is done, some comments need to be anonymised before being fed back which substantially increases the costs of processing the questionnaire data.
The key cost of the this program are the costs of purchasing the questionnaire and costs of implementing interventions, such as an information or training session, a visit to the occupational physician, an eyesight test, an individual workplace assessment or a task analysis.
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