Questions have been growing around the "hidden costs" of the programmatic ecosystem and, thereby, the inherent lack of transactional transparency.
Given the inherent complexities and costs of the programmatic supply chain, the precise role and KPIs to be achieved need to be clear to all involved.
In this article, the potential effects and cost-effectiveness of programmatic HZ vaccination of elderly in the Netherlands have been assessed according to a framework that was developed to support evidence-based decision making regarding inclusion of new vaccines in the Dutch National Immunization Program.
It is therefore important to obtain an "order of magnitude" estimate of the costs of an appropriate programmatic response.
Funding for competitive revisions and administrative supplements may be made in excess of programmatic cost limitations or ceilings associated with a program or activity code (e.g., direct costs stipulated for Small Research Grants [R03], Exploratory/Developmental Grants [R21]).
Investment in infection control infrastructure and the capacity to prevent TB among MDR TB patient contacts is also critical; our cost-of-illness estimates did not include these programmatic costs of preventing cases.
For example, for a composite cost of I$10 per vaccinated girl, we assumed three doses of vaccine at $2.00 each; wastage of $0.90; freight and supplies of $0.59; administration of I$0.50; and immunisation support and programmatic costs of I$2.00.
This tool can help decision makers to estimate the epidemiological impact and cost of the alternative programmatic options for scaling-up VMMC.
Component costs were calculated in two ways: firstly, broken down by the costs of clinical visit/hospital care, laboratory and programmatic costs; and secondly broken down by costs of drug/supplies, equipment and staff.
Two keys to the continued evolution of programmatic are transparency issues with clients regarding supply chain costs and getting smarter about programmatic planning.
